英語における名詞構文の考察（２）更新 [英語（発展）]
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本日は、英語における名詞構文の考察（２）ということで、
名詞構文（１）の続きとなります。 英語における「名詞構文」の基礎を
しっかりと確認していきましょう。
例 題3 「S+be+形容詞の関係」を含む場合
He noticed my absence from the meeting.
これを「私の会議からの欠席」と考えては困る。
これを、以下のように考えてみる。” He noticed that I was absent from the meeting. ”
名詞化されるのは述語であるので、動詞と形容詞が名詞化されて、名詞構文を構成する。
例題１・２は動詞の例で、この例題３は形容詞の名詞化の例である。
He was filled with anxiety about [for] his wife’s return.
最終確認 述語としての「be＋形容詞」の名詞化がわかるかどうか
◎以下の文を分析してみなさい。
■I understood her anxiety about her grandmother’s heart operation.
例 題4 「名詞中心の関係」を含む場合
My brother is a safe driver.
この平易な名詞構文を「安全な運転手だ」なんて訳を見ると、思わず困ってしまう。
せめて、これを”My brother drives safely.”くらいに考えてほしい。
★以下に名詞構文の英文を列挙するので、各自で考察してほしい。
You are a good singer. ⇒ You sings well.
He is a good cook. ⇒ He cooks well.
They are early riser. ⇒They get up early.
She is a good speaker of French. ⇒She speaks French well.
He is a good pianist. ⇒ He plays piano well.
【have】
・have a quick [ good/ careful/ closer/ last/] look at
・have a chat
【make】
・make a mistake
・make quick progress
・make a decision
・make the wrong choice
・make an attempt
・make an effort
・make a journey
・make a call
・make a speech
・make a discovery
【give】
・give a cough
・give him a call
・give it a try
最終確認 名詞を中心とした表現（名詞構文）に慣れているか？
◎以下の文を分析し、訳してみなさい。
■Let’s have a walk in the park.
■My father is a fast walker.
では、例題を解いて、名詞構文というものを整理しなさい。
例 題 （その他）
1. My father is a fast swimmer.
2. My cousin is a good cook.
3. She was very pleased at his willing to help her.
4. I made a careful look of the plan.
5. The instructor’s explanation of how to operate the PC was easy.
6. The judgment of the committee was accepted by the cabinet.
7. Her brother is a very good skier.
8. His discovery of a new comet made him famous.
9. He is a very good speaker of English.
10. His quick action saved us.
11. We are looking forward to your attendance at the meeting.
12. This is my first visit to France.
13. The doctor made careful examination of my eyes.
14. We were opposed to the historic building’s destruction.
15. The drug increases the ability of mice to learn.
16. We got to the station before the arrival of her train.
17. She denied her knowledge of the fact.
18. I understand her anxiety about her son’s heart operation.
19. The sudden loss of his job compelled him to find a part-time job.
20. His attendance at the party made everybody excited.
21. His knowledge of the rule enabled him to avoid trouble.
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
「略式解答」
1. My father is a fast swimmer.
My father swims fast.
→動作主名詞を動詞に変形して意味を把握
2. My cousin is a good cook.
My cousin cooks well.
→動作主名詞を動詞に変形して意味を把握する名詞構文
3. She was very pleased at his willing to help her.
She was very pleased that he was willing to help her.
→所有格が主語の働きの名詞構文
4. I made a careful look at the plan.
I looked at the plan carefully.
→動作名詞を動詞的に把握
5. The instructor’s explanation of how to operate the PC was easy.
The instructor explained easily how to operate the PC.
The instructor explained easily how we should operate the PC.
→所有格が主語の働き＋ofで目的格の表現の名詞構文
6. The judgment of the committee was accepted by the cabinet.
What the committee (had) judged was accepted by the cabinet.
The cabinet accepted what the committee (had) judged.
→of+名詞が主語の働きの名詞構文
7. Her brother is a very good skier.
Her brother skies very well.
→動作主名詞を動詞に変形して意味を把握
8. His discovery of a new comet made him famous.
That he discovered a new comet made him famous.
Because he discovered a new comet, he became famous.
→ 所有格が主語の働き＋ofで目的格の表現
9. He is a very good speaker of English.
He speaks English very well.
→動作主名詞を動詞に変形して意味を把握＋ofで目的格の表現
10. His quick action saved us.
That he acted quickly saved us.
Because he acted quickly, we were saved.
→所有格が主語の働き
11. We are looking forward to your attendance at the meeting.
We expect that you will attend the meeting
We expect you to attend the meeting.
→所有格が主語の働き＋of以外の目的格の表現
12. This is my first visit to France.
I visited France for the first time.
→所有格が主語の働き＋of以外の目的格の表現
13. The doctor made careful examination of my eyes.
The doctor carefully examined my eyes.
→動作名詞を動詞的に把握+ofで目的格の表現
14. We were opposed to the historic building’s destruction.
The historic building would be destroyed.
→所有格が主語の働き（目的格とも取れる）
15. The drug increases the ability of mice to learn.
Because of the drug, mice are able to learn.
The drug helps mice (to) be able to learn.
→of+名詞が主語の働き
16. We got to the station before the arrival of her train.
We got to the station before the train arrived.
→of+名詞が主語の働き train’s arrivalでもいい
17. She denied her knowledge of the fact.
She denied that she knew the fact.
→所有格が主語の働き＋ofで目的格の表現
18. I understand her anxiety about her son’s heart operation.
I understand that she is anxious about her son’s heart operation.
→所有格が主語の働き
19. The sudden loss of his job compelled him to find a part-time job.
That he suddenly lost his job compelled him to find a part-time job.
Because he suddenly lost his job, he was compelled to find a part-time job.
→主語を表す所有格の省略＋ofで目的格の表現
この１９は無生物主語の名詞構文ですね。無生物主語は基本が、
副詞節の圧縮型、因果関係が基本ですね。英語って因果関係大好きですから。
そこには、因果関係の従属節が隠されているという発想がほしいです。
そして、述部以下が主述関係＝ネクサス関係が隠されているということもまた必要です。
20. His attendance at the party made everybody excited.
Because he attended the party, everybody was excited.
He attended the party, so everybody was excited.
→所有格が主語の働き＋of以外の目的格の表現
21. His knowledge of the rule enabled him to avoid trouble
As he knew the rule, he was able to avoid trouble.
He knew the rule, so he was able to avoid trouble.
→所有格が主語の働き＋ofで目的格の表現
わからない問題があったら、質問してください。
“意志あるものは突き進め！”
ではまた。
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2014-10-10 00:10
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